Orthopedic kashi siminti kayan aikin likita ne da ake amfani da su sosai wajen tiyatar kasusuwa. Ana amfani da shi galibi don gyara kayan aikin haɗin gwiwa na wucin gadi, cike kogon lahani na ƙashi, da ba da tallafi da gyarawa a cikin maganin karaya. Yana cike gibin da ke tsakanin haɗin gwiwa na wucin gadi da nama na kashi, yana rage lalacewa kuma yana tarwatsa damuwa, kuma yana haɓaka tasirin maye gurbin haɗin gwiwa.
Babban amfani da farcen simintin kashi sune:
1. Gyara karaya: Ana iya amfani da simintin kashi don cikewa da gyara wuraren da aka karye.
2. tiyatar kashi: A aikin tiyatar kashi, ana amfani da simintin kashi don gyarawa da sake gina sassan haɗin gwiwa.
3. Gyara lahani na kashi: Simintin kashi na iya cika lahani na kashi kuma ya inganta farfadowar nama na kashi.
Da kyau, simintin kashi ya kamata ya kasance yana da halaye masu zuwa: (1) isassun allurai, abubuwan da za a iya tsarawa, haɗin kai, da radiyo don ingantaccen kayan sarrafawa; (2) isasshen ƙarfin injiniya don ƙarfafawa nan da nan; (3) isasshen porosity don ba da izinin zagayawa na ruwa, ƙaurawar tantanin halitta, da sabon ƙashi; (4) mai kyau osteoconductivity da osteoinductivity don inganta sabon samuwar kashi; (5) matsakaicin biodegradability don dacewa da resorption na kayan simintin kashi tare da sabon samuwar kashi; da (6) ingantacciyar damar isar da magunguna.
A cikin 1970s, an yi amfani da simintin kashihadin gwiwagyaran gyare-gyaren prosthesis, kuma ana iya amfani dashi azaman cikawar nama da kayan gyare-gyare a cikin orthopedics da likitan hakora. A halin yanzu, simintin kashi mafi yawan amfani da bincike sun haɗa da simintin kashi polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), simintin kashi na calcium phosphate da simintin kashi sulfate. A halin yanzu, nau'ikan simintin kashi da aka saba amfani da su sun haɗa da simintin kashi na polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), simintin kashi na calcium phosphate da simintin kashin calcium sulfate, daga cikinsu simintin kashi na PMMA da simintin kashin calcium phosphate aka fi amfani da su. Duk da haka, simintin kashi sulfate na calcium yana da mummunan aiki na ilimin halitta kuma ba zai iya samar da haɗin kai tsakanin sinadarai na calcium sulfate grafts da nama na kashi, kuma zai ragu da sauri. Calcium sulfate kashi siminti za a iya shafe gaba daya a cikin makonni shida bayan dasa a cikin jiki. Wannan saurin lalacewa bai dace da tsarin samuwar kashi ba. Sabili da haka, idan aka kwatanta da simintin kashi na calcium phosphate, haɓakawa da aikace-aikacen asibiti na simintin kashi sulfate suna da iyaka. PMMA kashi siminti shi ne acrylic polymer da aka samar ta hanyar haɗa abubuwa biyu: ruwa methyl methacrylate monomer da dynamic methyl methacrylate-styrene copolymer. Yana da ƙananan ragowar monomer, ƙarancin juriya da damuwa da damuwa, kuma yana iya haifar da sabon samuwar kashi kuma yana rage yawan mummunan halayen da ke haifar da karaya tare da matsanancin ƙarfin ƙarfi da filastik. Babban abin da ke cikin foda shi ne polymethyl methacrylate ko methyl methacrylate-styrene copolymer, kuma babban abin da ke cikin ruwa shine methyl methacrylate monomer.
Simintin kashi na PMMA yana da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi da filastik, kuma yana ƙarfafawa da sauri, don haka marasa lafiya za su iya tashi daga gado kuma suyi ayyukan gyarawa da wuri bayan tiyata. Yana da kyakkyawan siffar filastik, kuma ma'aikacin na iya yin kowane irin robobi kafin simintin kashi ya ƙarfafa. Kayan yana da kyakkyawan aiki na aminci, kuma ba a lalata shi ko shayar da jikin mutum bayan ya kasance cikin jiki. Tsarin sinadaran ya tsaya tsayin daka, kuma ana gane kayan aikin injiniya.
Duk da haka, har yanzu yana da wasu rashin amfani, irin su lokaci-lokaci haifar da matsa lamba a cikin rami na kasusuwa yayin cikawa, haifar da ɗigon kitse don shiga cikin jini kuma yana haifar da kumburi. Ba kamar ƙasusuwan mutum ba, haɗin gwiwa na wucin gadi na iya zama sako-sako da lokaci. PMMA monomers suna sakin zafi yayin polymerization, wanda zai iya haifar da lalacewa ga kyallen takarda ko sel. Abubuwan da ke samar da simintin kashi suna da wasu cytotoxicity, da dai sauransu.
Abubuwan da ke cikin simintin kashi na iya haifar da rashin lafiyan halayen, kamar kurji, urticaria, dyspnea da sauran alamun bayyanar, kuma a lokuta masu tsanani, girgiza anaphylactic na iya faruwa. Ya kamata a yi gwajin alerji kafin amfani da shi don guje wa halayen rashin lafiyan. Mummunan halayen simintin kashi sun haɗa da rashin lafiyar kashi siminti, zubar da siminti kashi, sassauta simintin kashi da tarwatsewa. Zubewar simintin kashi na iya haifar da kumburin nama da halayen guba, kuma yana iya lalata jijiyoyi da tasoshin jini, wanda ke haifar da rikitarwa. Gyaran simintin kashi yana da inganci kuma yana iya wucewa fiye da shekaru goma, ko ma fiye da shekaru ashirin.
Yin tiyatar simintin kashi wani aikin tiyata ne na ɗan ƙaranci, kuma sunansa na kimiyya shine vertebroplasty. Simintin kashi wani abu ne na polymer tare da ruwa mai kyau kafin ƙarfafawa. Yana iya shiga cikin sauƙi ta hanyar allurar huda, sa'an nan kuma ya bazu tare da fashe fashe na ciki na kashin baya; Simintin kashi yana da ƙarfi a cikin kusan mintuna 10, yana manne da tsagewar cikin kasusuwa, kuma simintin ƙashi mai tauri na iya taka rawa a cikin ƙasusuwan, yana sa kashin baya ƙarfi. Dukkanin tsarin jiyya yana ɗaukar mintuna 20-30 kawai.
Domin gujewa yaduwa bayan allurar simintin kashi, an kera wani sabon nau'in na'urar tiyata, wato na'urar vertebroplasty. Yana yin ɗan ƙarami a bayan majiyyaci kuma yana amfani da allurar huda ta musamman don huda jikin kashin baya ta fata a ƙarƙashin sa ido na X-ray don kafa tashar aiki. Daga nan sai a sanya balloon da zai siffata jikin kashin da aka danne, sannan a zuba simintin kashi a cikin jikin kashin baya domin dawo da kamannin jikin kashin da ya karye. Kasusuwan da aka soke a cikin jikin kashin baya yana hadewa ta hanyar fadada balloon don samar da shinge don hana zubar da simintin kashi, tare da rage matsi yayin allurar simintin kashi, ta yadda zai rage zubewar simintin kashi. Yana iya rage yawaitar matsalolin da ke da nasaba da karyewar kwanciya barci, kamar ciwon huhu, ciwon matsewa, cututtuka na yoyon fitsari da dai sauransu, da kuma guje wa mugunyar cutar kasusuwa da ke haifar da asarar kashi saboda hutun dogon lokaci.
Idan an yi aikin tiyata na PKP, ya kamata majiyyaci yakan huta a gado a cikin sa'o'i 2 bayan tiyata, kuma zai iya juya kan axis. A wannan lokacin, idan akwai wani abu mara kyau ko kuma ciwon ya ci gaba da tsanantawa, ya kamata a sanar da likita a cikin lokaci.
Lura:
① Ka guji manyan jujjuyawar kugu da ayyukan lankwasawa;
② Ki guji zama ko tsaye na tsawon lokaci;
③ Guji ɗaukar nauyi ko lanƙwasa don ɗaukar abubuwa a ƙasa;
④ Ka guji zama a kan ƙananan stool;
⑤ Hana faɗuwa da maimaita karaya.
Lokacin aikawa: Nuwamba-25-2024
